The United States sports betting market has expanded rapidly since the Supreme Court’s overturning of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) in May 2018, giving individual states the authority to legalise and regulate sports wagering within their borders. In the years since, more than 30 states plus Washington D.C. have launched legal markets, with a combination of national operators, international entrants, and regional brands competing for market share.
This page provides a reference guide to the most popular licensed sports betting operators currently active in multiple states across the United States. It covers each operator’s background, ownership, market entry history, and the states in which they hold active licences. It is updated on a regular basis to reflect new market launches, licence changes, and regulatory developments.
Contents
FanDuel Sportsbook
FanDuel was founded in 2009 in Edinburgh, Scotland, initially as a daily fantasy sports platform. It launched in the United States that same year and quickly grew to become one of the leading daily fantasy operators in the country. Following the Supreme Court’s overturning of the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA) in 2018, FanDuel pivoted aggressively into regulated sports betting, launching its first sportsbook in New Jersey in September 2018. The company is owned by Flutter Entertainment, the Dublin-headquartered global gambling group, which acquired full control of FanDuel’s US business in 2021.
FanDuel is consistently ranked as the market share leader in US online sports betting, commanding an estimated 35–40% of the national handle in most reporting periods. Its product suite extends to iGaming in five states and horse racing through the FanDuel Racing app. The operator maintains official league partnerships with the NBA, NHL, MLB, PGA Tour, and WNBA.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Arkansas | 2026 | Online |
| Colorado | 2020 | Online |
| Connecticut | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Illinois | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Indiana | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Kansas | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online |
| Michigan | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| New York | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Pennsylvania | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Tennessee | 2020 | Online |
| Vermont | 2024 | Online |
| Virginia | 2021 | Online |
| Washington D.C. | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| West Virginia | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Wyoming | 2021 | Online |
DraftKings Sportsbook
DraftKings was founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 2012 by Jason Robins, Matt Kalish, and Paul Liberman, initially as a daily fantasy sports platform. Following the PASPA repeal in 2018, it launched its first regulated sportsbook in New Jersey in August 2018. DraftKings is listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange under the ticker DKNG and is the only US-based vertically integrated sports betting operator, developing its own proprietary technology stack in-house.
The company has grown into one of the two dominant forces in US online sports betting alongside FanDuel. DraftKings has pursued an aggressive acquisition strategy, purchasing VSiN, Golden Nugget Online Gaming, and Jackpocket, among other assets. The operator holds official sports betting partnerships with the NBA, MLB, NHL, PGA Tour, WNBA, and NASCAR.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Arkansas | 2026 | Online |
| Colorado | 2020 | Online |
| Connecticut | 2021 | Online |
| Illinois | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Indiana | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Kansas | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Michigan | 2021 | Online |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| New York | 2022 | Online |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Pennsylvania | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Puerto Rico | 2023 | Online |
| Tennessee | 2020 | Online |
| Vermont | 2024 | Online |
| Virginia | 2021 | Online |
| Washington D.C. | 2020 | Online |
| West Virginia | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| Wyoming | 2021 | Online |
BetMGM
BetMGM is a joint venture between MGM Resorts International and Entain plc, formed in 2018 to operate regulated online sports betting and iGaming in the United States and Canada. MGM Resorts holds a 50% stake in the venture. BetMGM launched its first sportsbook in New Jersey in 2018, leveraging MGM’s extensive network of land-based casino properties to secure market access licences across multiple states.
BetMGM is consistently the third-ranked operator in US online sports betting by handle and revenue, and maintains a broader iGaming presence than most competitors due to MGM’s established casino footprint. The company has integrated its sportsbook with the MGM Rewards loyalty programme, giving bettors access to perks across MGM’s casino and hospitality properties globally.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Colorado | 2020 | Online |
| Illinois | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Indiana | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Kansas | 2022 | Online |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online |
| Michigan | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Mississippi | 2018 | Retail |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| Nevada | 2018 | Retail |
| New Jersey | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| New York | 2022 | Online |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Pennsylvania | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Tennessee | 2020 | Online |
| Virginia | 2021 | Online |
| Washington D.C. | 2021 | Online |
| West Virginia | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| Wyoming | 2021 | Online |
Caesars Sportsbook
Caesars Sportsbook is operated by Caesars Entertainment, one of the largest casino and entertainment companies in the United States. The brand entered the regulated US sports betting market through Caesars Entertainment’s acquisition of William Hill’s US operations in 2021 for approximately $3.7 billion. William Hill US had been an early entrant into legal sports betting following PASPA’s repeal and had built a significant retail and online sportsbook presence prior to the acquisition. Caesars rebranded the product as Caesars Sportsbook in 2021.
Caesars Sportsbook is notable for its integration with the Caesars Rewards loyalty programme, spanning more than 50 Caesars casino and hotel properties across the United States. This cross-sell infrastructure gives the sportsbook a meaningful advantage in markets where Caesars operates land-based casinos. The operator holds official sports betting partnerships with the NFL, NBA, NHL, and MLB.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Colorado | 2020 | Online |
| Illinois | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Indiana | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Kansas | 2022 | Online |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online |
| Michigan | 2021 | Online |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| New York | 2022 | Online |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Pennsylvania | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Tennessee | 2020 | Online |
| Virginia | 2021 | Online |
| Washington D.C. | 2021 | Online |
| West Virginia | 2018 | Online + Retail |
| Wyoming | 2021 | Online |
bet365
bet365 is one of the world’s largest online gambling operators, founded in 2000 in Stoke-on-Trent, England by Denise Coates. The company is privately held by the Coates family and operates across sports betting, casino, poker, and bingo in more than 20 regulated markets globally. bet365 entered the US market in 2019 through a licensing agreement in New Jersey, making it among the earliest international operators to establish a presence in the newly regulated American market.
The operator expanded its US footprint steadily through the early 2020s, leveraging its global technology platform and reputation for competitive odds, deep in-play betting markets, and live streaming capabilities. bet365 is widely regarded for its market depth, which is a key differentiator against US-native competitors that have historically offered shallower coverage.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2024 | Online |
| Colorado | 2022 | Online |
| Illinois | 2025 | Online |
| Indiana | 2024 | Online |
| Iowa | 2023 | Online |
| Kansas | 2025 | Online |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2023 | Online |
| Maryland | 2025 | Online |
| Michigan | 2025 | Online |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2019 | Online |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online |
| Pennsylvania | 2024 | Online |
| Tennessee | 2025 | Online |
| Virginia | 2023 | Online |
| West Virginia | 2025 | Online |
Fanatics Sportsbook
Fanatics Sportsbook is operated by Fanatics, Inc., the licensed sports merchandise and media company founded in 1995 and headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. Fanatics entered the sports betting market through its 2023 acquisition of PointsBet USA’s assets for $150 million, immediately inheriting market access licences across more than a dozen states. The company had been building out its technology and operational infrastructure ahead of the acquisition, having signalled its gambling ambitions several years earlier.
Fanatics launched its sportsbook app in a rolling state-by-state rollout from 2023. The operator’s core strategic differentiator is its FanCash rewards programme, which allows users to convert sports betting activity into credits redeemable for merchandise, tickets, and other products across Fanatics’ broader e-commerce and sports licensing ecosystem. This positions the brand as an integrated sports consumer play rather than a standalone sportsbook.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2024 | Online |
| Colorado | 2023 | Online |
| Connecticut | 2023 | Online |
| Illinois | 2024 | Online |
| Indiana | 2024 | Online |
| Iowa | 2024 | Online |
| Kansas | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2024 | Online |
| Maryland | 2023 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online |
| Michigan | 2024 | Online |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2024 | Online |
| New York | 2024 | Online |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online |
| Pennsylvania | 2024 | Online |
| Tennessee | 2023 | Online |
| Vermont | 2024 | Online |
| Virginia | 2023 | Online |
| West Virginia | 2023 | Online |
| Wyoming | 2024 | Online |
Hard Rock Bet
Hard Rock Bet is operated by Hard Rock International, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. The Hard Rock brand, founded in London in 1971 and acquired by the Seminole Tribe in 2007, operates more than 300 venues globally including hotels, casinos, and restaurants. Hard Rock launched its sportsbook operations in New Jersey in 2019 and expanded progressively through the early 2020s. The product was rebranded from Hard Rock Sportsbook to Hard Rock Bet in September 2023.
Hard Rock Bet holds a unique position in the US market as the sole licensed online sportsbook in Florida. The operator’s exclusivity in the state stems from the Seminole Tribe’s gaming compact with the Florida government, which grants the tribe a monopoly over online sports wagering. The Seminole Tribe received regulatory clearance to operate statewide from November 2023 following a protracted period of litigation.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2022 | Online |
| Colorado | 2024 | Online |
| Florida | 2023 | Online (exclusive) |
| Illinois | 2024 | Online |
| Indiana | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Michigan | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Tennessee | 2021 | Online |
| Virginia | 2022 | Online |
BetRivers
BetRivers is operated by Rush Street Interactive (RSI), a Chicago-based gaming company founded in 2012 by Neil Bluhm and Greg Carlin. Rush Street Interactive is the digital gaming arm of Rush Street Gaming, which owns and operates several land-based casinos under the Rivers Casino brand across the United States. BetRivers was among the earliest online sportsbooks to launch in the post-PASPA era, going live in Pennsylvania in June 2019 through its Rivers Casino Philadelphia licence.
The operator differentiates through its Rush Street Rewards loyalty programme and its dual sportsbook and iGaming offering. RSI is publicly listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker RSI. BetRivers is regarded as a strong regional alternative to the dominant national brands, with a particularly established presence in Pennsylvania and the broader Mid-Atlantic region. The brand also operates under the PlaySugarHouse name in some markets.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2021 | Online |
| Colorado | 2021 | Online |
| Delaware | 2024 | Online (exclusive) |
| Illinois | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Indiana | 2020 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2021 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Online |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Michigan | 2021 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| New York | 2022 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Pennsylvania | 2019 | Online + Retail |
| Virginia | 2021 | Online + Retail |
| West Virginia | 2021 | Online + Retail |
theScore Bet
theScore Bet is operated by PENN Entertainment, the Pennsylvania-based gaming and entertainment company. The product has undergone two rebrands: it launched as Barstool Sportsbook in 2020 following PENN’s acquisition of a stake in Barstool Sports, rebranded as ESPN BET in November 2023 under a licensing deal with The Walt Disney Company, and relaunched under the theScore Bet brand in December 2025 following the unwinding of that ESPN partnership. The current brand draws on PENN’s Canadian sports media subsidiary, theScore, which was acquired in 2021 for approximately $2 billion.
theScore app provides news, scores, and editorial content alongside wagering functionality, giving the sportsbook a content-integrated positioning that distinguishes it from pure-play betting operators. The app holds strong ratings on both iOS and Android platforms. PENN Entertainment’s land-based casino footprint, spanning more than 40 properties across the US, provides a substantial source of market access for the sportsbook.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2021 | Online |
| Colorado | 2021 | Online |
| Illinois | 2023 | Online |
| Indiana | 2022 | Online |
| Iowa | 2022 | Online |
| Kansas | 2022 | Online |
| Kentucky | 2023 | Online |
| Louisiana | 2022 | Online |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online |
| Michigan | 2022 | Online |
| Missouri | 2025 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2020 | Online |
| New York | 2022 | Online |
| North Carolina | 2024 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online |
| Pennsylvania | 2020 | Online |
| Tennessee | 2020 | Online |
| Virginia | 2022 | Online |
| West Virginia | 2022 | Online |
Bally Bet
Bally Bet is the online sportsbook operated by Bally’s Corporation, a Providence, Rhode Island-based integrated gaming and entertainment company. Bally’s grew through an aggressive acquisition strategy during the early 2020s, purchasing a series of regional casinos across the United States and building out its digital gaming division in parallel. The company also owns Bally’s Interactive, which encompasses its online gambling and sports betting operations.
Bally Bet entered the US online sports betting market in 2021, leveraging Bally’s land-based casino network for market access. The sportsbook integrates with a broader rewards programme spanning Bally’s properties. The operator has maintained a more modest market footprint compared to the dominant national brands and has faced the competitive challenges typical of secondary operators in a highly consolidated market.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2022 | Online |
| Colorado | 2022 | Online |
| Indiana | 2022 | Online + Retail |
| Iowa | 2022 | Online |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Massachusetts | 2023 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2022 | Online |
| New York | 2022 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online + Retail |
| Tennessee | 2022 | Online |
| Virginia | 2022 | Online |
betPARX
betPARX is the online sportsbook operated by Parx Casino, the largest casino in Pennsylvania by revenue, located in Bensalem. Parx Casino is owned by Greenwood Gaming and Entertainment, a Pennsylvania-based gaming company. betPARX entered the Pennsylvania online sports betting market in 2019 and has expanded selectively into additional states, leveraging the Parx brand’s strong regional recognition in the Mid-Atlantic area.
The operator offers both online sports betting and online casino products in its core markets. betPARX is regarded as a regional operator rather than a national brand, with its primary strength concentrated in Pennsylvania where Parx Casino’s well-established retail presence and customer base provide a meaningful acquisition advantage over operators without a land-based anchor.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Colorado | 2022 | Online |
| Maryland | 2022 | Online |
| Michigan | 2024 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2022 | Online |
| Ohio | 2023 | Online |
| Pennsylvania | 2019 | Online + Retail |
Sporttrade
Sporttrade is a Philadelphia-based sports betting exchange founded in 2018 by Alex Kane. It operates on a peer-to-peer exchange model, meaning bettors trade directly against other users rather than against the house. Prices on the Sporttrade exchange are expressed as probabilities (0 to 100 cents on the dollar), and the platform charges a commission on winnings rather than embedding a margin into its odds. This model can deliver more competitive pricing than traditional sportsbooks, particularly for sharp or high-volume bettors.
Sporttrade is the only operational real-money sports betting exchange in the United States as of 2026, following ProphetX’s exit from the real-money exchange market in 2024. The exchange model requires sufficient liquidity to function effectively, which has historically been a constraint on growth relative to traditional fixed-odds sportsbooks.
Sporttrade represents a distinct regulatory and product category within the US sports betting landscape, sitting separately from both traditional fixed-odds sportsbooks and the emerging CFTC-regulated prediction market platforms.
Licensed States
| State | Launch Year | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 2024 | Online |
| Colorado | 2022 | Online |
| New Jersey | 2022 | Online |
| Virginia | 2023 | Online |
Market Exits: Discontinued US Sportsbook Operators
Not every operator that launched in the post-PASPA era has survived. As the market has matured, several brands, many of them European operators unable to reach profitable scale against FanDuel and DraftKings, have wound down their US sportsbook operations entirely, while others have contracted to a single remaining state. Here are the most notable exits.
Betway
Betway, owned by Malta-based Super Group (NYSE: SGHC), entered the US market in 2023 through its acquisition of Digital Gaming Corporation, which held US operating rights to the brand. Betway’s sportsbook launched in nine states (Arizona, Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia), but Super Group announced in July 2024 that it saw no long-term path to profitability for the product and began winding it down across all nine states. A year later, in July 2025, Super Group announced a full withdrawal from the US market altogether, also closing its Spin and Jackpot City iGaming brands in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The company cited regulatory cost increases (including New Jersey’s iGaming tax rise from 15% to 19.75%) and a reassessment of capital allocation priorities. The exit carried a one-time restructuring cost of $30 to $40 million.
Status: Fully exited the US (sportsbook closed July 2024; all remaining US operations closed July 2025).
Betfred
UK-based Betfred entered the US in 2020 and at its peak operated in more than half a dozen states, including Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, Iowa, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Beginning in 2024, the company progressively exited Arizona, Colorado, Ohio, Maryland, and Virginia, followed by Iowa and Washington (where it had both online and retail operations at Silver Reef Casino Resort) in late 2024, and its Nevada retail operation in January 2025. Its final market, Pennsylvania, operated through a partnership with Wind Creek Bethlehem casino, closed on July 31, 2025, completing Betfred’s exit from the US online betting market. The company had reported a $91.7 million net loss for its fiscal year ending July 2024.
Status: Fully exited the US (final state, Pennsylvania, closed July 31, 2025).
Unibet
Unibet, operated by Sweden-listed Kindred Group, was one of the earlier entrants into the regulated US market, eventually operating in six states: New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Arizona, Indiana, and Virginia. It exited Iowa in December 2022 after finishing 17th of 18 operators by handle in the state. In late 2023, Kindred announced it would exit the US (and Canada) entirely, citing the resourcing required to close the gap with market leaders. The withdrawal from its remaining five states (New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Virginia, and Indiana) plus Ontario, Canada, was completed in 2024. Kindred’s CEO and CFO both resigned around the time of the announcement as the company pivoted focus back to its European core markets.
Status: Fully exited the US and Canada (completed by mid-2024).
Tipico
German operator Tipico launched in the US in October 2020 and built out a proprietary technology platform across four states: Colorado, Iowa, Ohio, and New Jersey (the latter for iGaming). In June 2024, Tipico Group sold its US sportsbook and online casino product and technology platform to LeoVegas, a subsidiary of MGM Resorts International, in a deal that saw Tipico wind down its US operations ahead of the acquisition’s close. New accounts, deposits, and bets stopped as of June 26, 2024, with existing customers given a window to cash out and settle open wagers. LeoVegas retained portions of Tipico’s US-facing management and trading teams but did not continue the Tipico-branded sportsbook in the US.
Status: Fully exited the US (operations wound down through Q3 2024 following the LeoVegas/MGM acquisition).
PointsBet
PointsBet, an Australian-listed operator, built out US market access across more than a dozen states before selling its US business. In June 2023, PointsBet shareholders approved a sale of the company’s US sports wagering, advance deposit wagering, iCasino, and Banach risk-management technology to Fanatics Betting and Gaming for US$225 million. Fanatics closed the first tranche of states (Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia) on August 31, 2023, rebranding the product as “PointsBet, a Fanatics Experience” in each. The remaining states, including Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, and Ohio, continued under PointsBet USA’s original operation until Fanatics completed its acquisition state by state through the rest of 2023. PointsBet retained its core business in Australia and Canada.
Status: US business fully absorbed into Fanatics Sportsbook; the PointsBet brand no longer operates independently in the US.
FOX Bet
FOX Bet was a joint venture launched in September 2019 by Fox Corporation and The Stars Group (the gaming company later acquired by Flutter Entertainment in 2020), built on the same technology as the earlier BetStars brand. The sportsbook went live in New Jersey before expanding to Colorado, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. By 2023, FOX Bet had captured an estimated 0.2% of US sports betting market share, a level Flutter considered unsustainable given that the company already owned the market-leading FanDuel brand. Flutter and Fox jointly announced FOX Bet’s closure on July 31, 2023, with a phased wind-down completing by August 31, 2023. Customers retained access to balances via the PokerStars and PokerStars Casino apps after the shutdown. Fox retained the FOX Bet brand name for unrelated free-to-play products, while Flutter retained the underlying market access licenses.
Status: Fully closed (operations ended July 31 to August 31, 2023).
Fubo Sportsbook
Fubo Sportsbook was the wagering arm of streaming service FuboTV, launched via a market access deal with Caesars that brought the brand to New Jersey, Iowa (through Casino Queen), and Arizona (through the Ak-Chin Indian Community) between late 2021 and early 2022. FuboTV announced the immediate closure of Fubo Sportsbook and its Fubo Gaming subsidiary on October 17, 2022, as part of preliminary third-quarter results, citing an inability to find a partner or buyer that would let the company lower its funding requirements while still hitting its 2025 profitability targets. Customers in all three states were given a 30-day window to withdraw account balances.
Status: Fully closed (operations ended October 2022); never exceeded three live states.
MaximBet
MaximBet was a sports-and-entertainment-themed sportsbook owned by Carousel Group under license from Maxim magazine, launching in Colorado before adding Indiana in September 2022 as part of a planned 10-state rollout with Caesars as a market access partner. The operator never expanded beyond those two states. Citing “macroeconomic conditions and an increasingly cost prohibitive marketplace,” MaximBet announced on November 16, 2022 that it was ceasing operations immediately, with customers given until December 15, 2022 to withdraw account balances.
Status: Fully closed (operations ended November 2022); never exceeded two live states, so it would not have met the 3+ state threshold even at its peak.
TwinSpires
TwinSpires is the online wagering brand of Churchill Downs Incorporated (CDI), the company behind the Kentucky Derby. CDI’s sports betting effort began as BetAmerica in 2018 before relaunching under the TwinSpires name, eventually reaching eight states: Arizona, Colorado, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and one additional market. After reporting $31.9 million in sports betting losses in its 2021 results, CDI CEO Bill Carstanjen announced in February 2022 that the company would exit the consumer-facing online sports wagering business entirely to focus on TwinSpires’ established horse racing wagering operation, where CDI held roughly 50% market share. The sportsbook wind-down proceeded over the following months.
Status: Fully exited online sports betting (announced February 2022); TwinSpires continues to operate as a horse racing wagering platform and retains limited retail sports betting and market-access agreements in Kentucky.
PlayUp
PlayUp, an Australian-owned operator, entered the US in 2021 through Colorado (via Bull Durham Casino) and New Jersey (via Freehold Raceway), and never expanded beyond those two states despite earlier plans for Indiana and Iowa. A planned $350 million SPAC merger with IG Acquisitions Corp collapsed in January 2023 amid a dispute over financial documentation. New Jersey’s Division of Gaming Enforcement subsequently revoked PlayUp’s license in July 2023 after the company failed to provide requested financial information and allowed key compliance and operating roles to go unfilled, making PlayUp the first operator to have a New Jersey sports betting license revoked since the state legalized betting in 2018. PlayUp simultaneously moved its Colorado operation into “maintenance mode” and stopped accepting new bets there. The company spent much of 2023 to 2024 attempting to restructure and sell its US business.
Status: Fully exited the US (Colorado and New Jersey both wound down in 2023); never operated in more than two states.
SI Sportsbook (888 Holdings / Evoke)
SI Sportsbook was a joint venture launched in 2021 between UK-listed 888 Holdings (later rebranded Evoke plc) and Authentic Brands Group, which owns the Sports Illustrated name, licensing the SI brand for a sportsbook and casino product. At its peak the brand operated in four states: Michigan, Colorado, New Jersey, and Virginia. In March 2024, 888 announced it was terminating the Authentic Brands licensing agreement, citing an inability to reach profitable scale in the competitive and high-cost US market, and agreed to pay Authentic a $25 million upfront termination fee plus a further $25 million between 2027 and 2029. The SI-branded sportsbook wound down progressively through 2024, including its closure in Colorado that September. Evoke subsequently sold its remaining US consumer-facing business to Hard Rock Digital.
Status: Fully exited the US under the SI Sportsbook brand; remaining US assets were absorbed by Hard Rock Digital.
SaharaBets
SaharaBets was an Arizona-only sportsbook owned by Meruelo Gaming, the gambling arm of Alex Meruelo, who also owned the NHL’s Arizona Coyotes. Arizona’s sports betting law ties each operator license to a professional sports franchise or tribal partner, and SaharaBets used the Coyotes’ license to launch in January 2022. The sportsbook never gained meaningful traction, ranking 17th of 20 operators by all-time handle in the state. When Meruelo gave up the Coyotes franchise in 2024, with the team’s players and operations sold to a Salt Lake City ownership group and the NHL classifying the team as inactive, SaharaBets lost its licensing tether and announced on July 9, 2024 that it was immediately discontinuing operations, giving customers 30 days to withdraw balances.
Status: Fully closed (operations ended July 2024); only ever operated in Arizona.
Barstool Sportsbook
Barstool Sportsbook was not a market exit in the traditional sense, but it’s frequently cited alongside the operators above, so it’s included here for clarity. Penn National Gaming (later Penn Entertainment) launched Barstool Sportsbook in September 2020 following its investment in Barstool Sports, the media company founded by Dave Portnoy. The app expanded to roughly 18 states over the following three years. In August 2023, Penn sold Barstool Sports back to Portnoy for $1 and signed a 10-year, $1.5 billion brand licensing deal with ESPN, rebranding the sportsbook as ESPN BET in November 2023. ESPN BET itself was discontinued as a brand in late 2025 after Penn and ESPN ended their partnership early; Penn migrated the product to its theScore Bet brand (already covered in the main operator list above) starting December 1, 2025.
Status: Not an exit; rebranded twice (Barstool Sportsbook to ESPN BET to theScore Bet) under the same underlying Penn Entertainment operating license. Included here only because the Barstool and ESPN BET names no longer exist in the US market.
Last updated August 2026. State licensing data sourced from regulatory filings and operator disclosures.